基于地理国情数据的城市扩张和生态格局分析——以武汉市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

厉芳婷  张过  贾继鹏 《测绘通报》2020,(11):93-98

城市扩张是城镇化的主要特征，研究城市扩张规律对城市空间规划、高质量发展提供决策依据。本文以武汉市为研究区，以2015—2018年地理国情监测成果为主要数据源，通过数据整理与提取、计算城市扩张特征指数、提取城市格局变化、计算生态景观指数等处理，对研究区城市扩张和生态格局变化特征进行分析。研究结果表明：2015—2018年间，武汉市从快速扩张阶段逐渐减缓，紧凑度逐渐下降；中心城市扩张主要以种植土地破坏为代价；远城区快速扩张主要以林草面积减少为代价；在生态指数上，各生态景观类型破碎度均有下降，但水域面积保持良好。  相似文献   

Evaluating the overconsolidation ratios and peak friction angles of granular soil deposits using noninvasive seismic surveying     

Pegah  Ehsan  Liu  Huabei 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(11):3193-3209

Acta Geotechnica - The main objective of this study was to propose an approach to estimate the peak friction angles of over-consolidated granular soil deposits by using the P-wave velocity and the...  相似文献   

台湾海峡西部海域沉积体系、地层架构与油气勘探前景          下载免费PDF全文

杜文波  黄文凯  朱红涛  张璐  Jakub Miluch 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1542-1553

基于台湾海峡西部新采集的高分辨率二维地震资料及钻井数据，结合区域地质资料和前人研究成果，建立台湾海峡西部高精度等时地层格架，在此基础上厘定了地质年代属性和沉积相特征分析。研究表明第四纪地层识别出6个三级层序界面，对应地划分为5个三级层序。研究区地震相主要有席状平行—亚平行地震相、前积地震相、下切谷充填地震相、充填状低连续地震相和充填状杂乱地震相等，不同的地震相及其组合代表特定的沉积体系。通过以上分析可知研究区新生代主要发育于海陆过渡地带，主要发育冲积/洪积平原相和滨岸平原相，在此基础上分析沉积演化特征，为台湾海峡西部海域进行精细勘探提供地质依据，这对将来的油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

内蒙古呼伦西白地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征及找矿标志     

胡二红  贺中银  张善明  吕新彪  阮班晓  赵鹏彬  孙浩  纪鹏飞  何世明  苏波  刘婷 《中国地质》2020,47(2):300-314

北山成矿带东缘的内蒙古呼伦西白地区近年来发现了多处铌稀土矿床(点),矿床(点)产于二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带上,矿体赋存于滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩内,其形态、产状、规模受构造-岩浆活动控制,并与磁异常对应,其中灰石山东北铌稀土矿区Nb2O5品位0.02%～0.56%、平均0.11%,REO品位0.13%～2.63%,平均0.93%,辉森乌拉西铌金矿区Nb2O5品位0.01%～0.1%,与白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe超大型矿床特征类似,成矿潜力巨大。结合区域地质背景及铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征,初步认为区内该类型矿床的找矿标志为:二叠系滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩地层、构造挤压形成的虚脱空间或韧-脆性转换部位、二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带、放射性异常梯度带-磁异常位置、岩石蚀变(褐铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化等)和石英细网脉发育地段。对该地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征和找矿标志的研究有利于拓展北山地区三稀矿产的找矿思路,也可为此类矿产的找矿方向提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications     

WANG Kai  DONG Shuwen  YAO Weihu  ZHAO Tianyu 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(6):1731-1756

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.  相似文献   

中国北方岩溶地下水污染分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高旭波  王万洲  侯保俊  高列波  张建友  张松涛  李成城  姜春芳 《中国岩溶》2020,39(3):287-298

近年来，受气候变化和强烈人类活动的影响，环境物质及能量多频次、大范围的输入，极大程度上改变着岩溶水系统的水环境质量，岩溶水生态环境遭受不同程度的威胁和破坏，岩溶水水质日趋恶化。本文归纳分析了我国北方岩溶水系统水质特征、污染现状、污染来源及污染途径。我国北方岩溶水水质类型中硫酸盐型水和氯化物型水的分布逐渐增加，主要污染组分为总硬度、SO42-、F-、NO3-和TDS等。其中硫酸盐和硝酸盐污染强度和范围最大，呈现出显著的人类活动影响特征。依据我国北方岩溶系统结构及水力学特征，将岩溶水污染途径概括为:①连续入渗型——主要包括岩溶区地表水（河流、水库等）渗漏污染，城镇污水渠或排污管道破损引起的污水渗漏污染；②越流型污染——污染孔/裂隙水（含矿坑水/老窑积水等）越流污染岩溶水；③间歇入渗型——固废淋溶入渗和污水灌溉渗漏污染等。据此提出了推进岩溶水水资源保护和污染防治的合理化建议。   相似文献   

水岩作用下泥质板岩软化非线性机制研究     

黄智刚  左清军  吴立  陈福榜  胡圣松  朱盛 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):2931-2942

水岩作用下泥质板岩表现出明显的软化特征。通过单轴压缩试验分析了泥质板岩软化过程中单轴压缩强度、弹性模量和泊松比与吸水时间之间的关系；借助核磁共振试验研究了水岩作用下泥质板岩软化过程中孔隙的产生、扩展和贯通规律，分析了泥质板岩软化过程中孔隙度与吸水时间之间的关系；采用电镜扫描试验分析了水岩作用下泥质板岩软化过程中微观结构的演变规律，基于分形理论研究了不同浸泡时间下泥质板岩分形维数的变化规律；运用非线性动力学理论，选取微观结构孔隙形状分维值、孔隙度、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量作为描述泥质板岩与水溶液相互作用系统的变量，建立了水岩作用下泥质板岩的软化模型，结合试验数据验证了模型的适用性。结果表明：泥质板岩单轴抗压强度、弹性模量随吸水时间增大而减小，呈负线性相关，而泊松比与吸水时间之间的关系不明显；在浸泡初期，水岩作用强烈，泥质板岩内部微孔隙会发生扩展贯通进而形成更大尺寸的孔隙，孔隙度在浸泡初期增长较快；随着浸泡时间的延长，水岩作用减弱，孔隙度增长速率趋缓；随着吸水时间的推移，泥质板岩内部孔隙相互连通，进而形成复杂网状结构的大孔，泥质板岩分形维数呈对数增长，最终趋于稳定；采用非线性模型计算的结果与试验数据较接近，说明泥质板岩的软化过程具有明显的非线性动力学特征，利用非线性动力学模型可以较好地表征水岩作用下泥质板岩的软化规律。研究成果可为软岩?水相互作用理论研究提供参考。  相似文献   

The role of subduction erosion in the generation of Andean and other convergent plate boundary arc magmas,the continental crust and mantle     

《Gondwana Research》2020

Subduction erosion, which occurs at all convergent plate boundaries associated with magmatic arcs formed on crystalline forearc basement, is an important process for chemical recycling, responsible globally for the transport of ~1.7 Armstrong Units (1 AU = 1 km³/yr) of continental crust back into the mantle. Along the central Andean convergent plate margin, where there is very little terrigenous sediment being supplied to the trench as a result of the arid conditions, the occurrence of mantle-derived olivine basalts with distinctive crustal isotopic characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ≥ 0.7050; ε_Nd ≤ −2; ε_Hf ≤ +2) correlates spatially and/or temporally with regions and/or episodes of high rates of subduction erosion, and a strong case can be made for the formation of these basalts to be due to incorporation into the subarc mantle wedge of tectonically eroded and subducted forearc continental crust. In other convergent plate boundary magmatic arcs, such as the South Sandwich and Aleutian Islands intra-oceanic arcs and the Central American and Trans-Mexican continental margin volcanic arcs, similar correlations have been demonstrated between regions and/or episodes of relatively rapid subduction erosion and the genesis of mafic arc magmas containing enhanced proportions of tectonically eroded and subducted crustal components that are chemically distinct from pelagic and/or terrigenous trench sediments. It has also been suggested that larger amounts of melts derived from tectonically eroded and subducted continental crust, rising as diapirs of buoyant low density subduction mélanges, react with mantle peridotite to form pyroxenite metasomatites that than melt to form andesites. The process of subduction erosion and mantle source region contamination with crustal components, which is supported by both isotopic and U-Pb zircon age data implying a fast and efficient connectivity between subduction inputs and magmatic outputs, is a powerful alternative to intra-crustal assimilation in the generation of andesites, and it negates the need for large amounts of mafic cumulates to form within and then be delaminated from the lower crust, as required by the basalt-input model of continental crustal growth. However, overall, some significant amount of subducted crust and sediment is neither underplated below the forearc wedge nor incorporated into convergent plate boundary arc magmas, but instead transported deeper into the mantle where it plays a role in the formation of isotopically enriched mantle reservoirs. To ignore or underestimate the significance of the recycling of tectonically eroded and subducted continental crust in the genesis of convergent plate boundary arc magmas, including andesites, and for the evolution of both the continental crust and mantle, is to be on the wrong side of history in the understanding of these topics.  相似文献   

Discovery and development suggestions of strontium-rich groundwater in Chibi City,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(1):184-185

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Drift angle compensation-based adaptive line-of-sight path following for autonomous underwater vehicle     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The aim of this study is to solve the problem of poor tracking in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUVs) that are operating based on traditional line-of-sight (LOS) method when tracking different paths in a complex marine environment. An adaptive-LOS (ALOS) guidance law with drift angle compensation is proposed, and is employed to calculate the AUV’s desired course (direction of velocity) and heading. First, an appropriate look-ahead distance is derived by the ALOS guidance law in consideration of the predefined path curvature, real-time tracking error and speed of the AUV. Subsequently, proper compensation is provided with respect to the actual drift angle. Compared with traditional LOS operation, this method flexibly adjusts to a suitable look-ahead distance while considering many related factors, providing a better path following performance. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of this method.  相似文献